Definitions covering broadcast quality control, playout, AI advertising, and streaming delivery.
廣播品質控制
Quality Control (QC) is the automated or manual inspection of audio and video content to verify compliance with broadcast specifications before transmission or archival. Automated QC detects defects such as black frames, silence, loudness deviations, and subtitle errors, reducing operator workload and improving on-air quality.
Related standards: EBU R128, ITU-R BS.1770-4
響度標準化
Loudness normalization adjusts program audio levels to a defined broadcast target so that perceived loudness remains consistent across programs and commercials. The primary specifications are EBU R128 (target -23 LUFS) in Europe and ATSC A/85 (target -24 LKFS) in North America.
Related standards: EBU R128, ITU-R BS.1770-4
播控系統
A playout system manages a television channel’s on-air schedule, automatically transmitting programs, commercials, and interstitials at their scheduled times and routing the output signal to transmission or streaming distribution. Modern playout systems run on IP-based infrastructure with main-and-backup redundancy to maintain uninterrupted transmission.
媒體資產管理
A Media Asset Management (MAM) system stores, indexes, searches, and governs large libraries of audio and video assets so that every stage of the production and broadcast workflow can locate and retrieve media on demand. Modern MAM platforms integrate AI-driven auto-tagging and full-text search to accelerate content discovery.
語音轉文字
Speech-to-Text (STT) automatically transcribes spoken audio into text for use cases such as subtitle generation, subtitle QC verification, and searchable content indexing. Broadcast-grade STT systems must support multiple languages and output formats compliant with on-air subtitle specifications.
SCTE-35 廣告標記
SCTE-35 is the industry-standard signaling protocol for marking ad insertion opportunities within a video stream. Ad servers consume these cues to dynamically splice replacement advertising at the correct frame, and the standard is broadly adopted by OTT platforms for Server-Side Ad Insertion (SSAI).
Related standards: SCTE-35
SMPTE ST 2110
SMPTE ST 2110 is a suite of standards for professional media transport over managed IP networks. It defines separately routable elementary streams for video, audio, and ancillary data, replacing baseband SDI infrastructure and enabling software-defined, IP-native broadcast facilities.
Related standards: SMPTE ST 2110
EBU R128 響度標準
EBU R128 is the loudness recommendation issued by the European Broadcasting Union. It specifies an integrated program loudness target of -23 LUFS and defines true-peak and loudness range tolerances. The underlying measurement algorithm is standardized in ITU-R BS.1770-4 and is widely adopted across broadcast and streaming distribution.
Related standards: EBU R128, ITU-R BS.1770-4
免費廣告支援串流
Free Ad-Supported Streaming TV (FAST) is an OTT distribution model that delivers linear, ad-monetized channels at no cost to viewers. Content owners launch FAST channels on aggregator platforms such as Pluto TV and Samsung TV Plus and earn revenue through ad share agreements.
網路串流媒體
Over-The-Top (OTT) refers to the delivery of video and audio directly to viewers over the public internet, bypassing traditional cable, satellite, and terrestrial distribution. Services such as Netflix, YouTube, and Disney+ operate on this model.
安全可靠傳輸協議
Secure Reliable Transport (SRT) is an open-source protocol designed for broadcast-grade video contribution over unmanaged networks such as 4G/5G and consumer broadband. It provides AES-encrypted, low-latency delivery (typically sub-one-second) with packet recovery, making it a practical alternative to satellite contribution for remote interviews, live events, and main/backup links.
播出事故
A broadcast incident is an unintended on-air fault encountered by a television channel or OTT service during live or on-demand delivery, including black frames, silence, frozen video, missing subtitles, and audio/video sync errors. Beyond degrading the viewer experience, incidents can trigger regulatory penalties and advertiser make-good claims. AI-driven real-time monitoring reduces detection latency from minutes to seconds.
廣告蓋台
Commercial override (also called ad replacement) is the technique used by a redistributing channel to swap originating advertising with locally sold spots during licensed program carriage, allowing the operator to monetize ad inventory. Reliable override depends on precise commercial detection and frame-accurate SCTE-35 triggering.
Related standards: SCTE-35, SCTE-104
伺服器端廣告插入
Server-Side Ad Insertion (SSAI), also known as ad stitching, splices advertising into the video stream on the origin or packager before delivery to the player. Compared with Client-Side Ad Insertion (CSAI), SSAI is resistant to ad blockers and renders ads at the same bitrate ladder as the program content, improving viewer experience and protecting ad revenue.
Related standards: SCTE-35, VAST
電子節目表
An Electronic Program Guide (EPG) is the interactive schedule surfaced by digital television and OTT platforms, letting viewers browse current and upcoming programming. FAST channels distributed through aggregator platforms must supply conformant EPG metadata, most commonly delivered in the XMLTV format.
網路裝置介面
Network Device Interface (NDI), developed by NewTek, is an IP-based video transport protocol that carries broadcast-quality video over standard Ethernet without dedicated cabling. It is widely deployed for live production, virtual production, and signal routing, and has become a mainstream transport in the broadcast IP transition.
單機播控系統
Channel in a Box (CiaB) consolidates the functions of a traditional master control room — scheduling, transcoding, character generation (CG), ad insertion, and signal output — onto a single server. The integrated approach lowers capital expenditure and rack footprint, making it well suited to operators running multiple linear channels.
可互操作主格式
The Interoperable Master Format (IMF), standardized in SMPTE ST 2067, is a component-based mastering and exchange format for delivering high-quality finished content between broadcasters and OTT platforms. Video, multichannel audio, and subtitle tracks are stored as discrete essence files and assembled via a Composition Playlist (CPL), simplifying versioning and localization across territories. Major platforms including Netflix and Disney mandate IMF for content delivery.
Related standards: SMPTE ST 2067
HTTP 即時串流
HTTP Live Streaming (HLS) is the adaptive bitrate streaming protocol developed by Apple. It segments media into short chunks (typically 2-10 seconds) delivered over standard HTTP and exposes multiple renditions for adaptive bitrate (ABR) playback that adjusts to network conditions. HLS is the most widely supported streaming format across OTT platforms and devices.
廣播自動化
Broadcast automation replaces manual operation with software systems that execute repetitive on-air tasks such as scheduled playout, ingest, quality monitoring, and ad insertion. A complete automation stack integrates playout, Media Asset Management (MAM), Quality Control (QC), and traffic and ad systems, and typically reduces operator headcount by more than 40 percent.
