Point Media Tech's broadcast glossary. Each term opens with a one-sentence definition, then explains where it matters in master control, quality control, ad insertion and OTT streaming, with the related standards and products.
廣播品質控制
Quality control (QC) is the automated or manual inspection of audio and video content against broadcast specifications before transmission or archiving. Automated QC flags black frames, silence, loudness deviations and subtitle errors, so operators only review the exceptions.
響度標準化
Loudness normalization is the process of bringing program and commercial audio to a common loudness target so perceived volume stays consistent. The main specifications are EBU R128 (target -23 LUFS) in Europe and ATSC A/85 (target -24 LKFS) in North America, both measured per ITU-R BS.1770.
播控系統
A playout system is the software that plays a channel’s programs, commercials and interstitials on schedule and routes the output to transmission or streaming. Modern playout runs on IP infrastructure with main-and-backup redundancy to reduce the risk of going off air.
媒體資產管理
Media asset management (MAM) is the system that stores, catalogs and searches audio and video assets so ingest, editing and playout share the same media. Modern MAM adds AI auto-tagging and full-text search to speed up content discovery.
語音轉文字
Speech-to-text (STT) is the technology that automatically transcribes spoken audio into text, used in broadcast for captioning, subtitle QC and searchable content indexing. Broadcast-grade STT must handle multiple languages and output formats that meet on-air subtitle specifications.
SCTE-35 廣告標記
SCTE-35 is the industry-standard cue message that marks ad insertion opportunities in a video stream so downstream systems can splice ads at the right point. Server-side ad insertion (SSAI) and FAST channels both rely on SCTE-35 cues to know when to switch to ads.
SMPTE ST 2110
SMPTE ST 2110 is a suite of standards for carrying professional video, audio and ancillary data as separately routable streams over managed IP networks. It replaces baseband SDI cabling and enables software-defined, IP-native production and playout facilities.
EBU R128 響度標準
EBU R128 is the European Broadcasting Union’s loudness recommendation, setting an integrated program loudness target of -23 LUFS. It also defines true-peak and loudness-range tolerances, uses the ITU-R BS.1770-4 measurement algorithm, and is widely adopted across broadcast and streaming.
免費廣告支援串流
Free ad-supported streaming TV (FAST) is an OTT distribution model in which viewers watch linear channels for free and advertising pays for the content. Content owners launch FAST channels on aggregator platforms such as Pluto TV and Samsung TV Plus and earn revenue through ad-share agreements.
網路串流媒體
Over-the-top (OTT) is the delivery of video directly to viewers over the public internet, bypassing cable, satellite and terrestrial broadcast networks. Services such as Netflix, YouTube and Disney+ operate on this model.
安全可靠傳輸協議
Secure Reliable Transport (SRT) is an open-source protocol for sending broadcast-grade video over unmanaged networks such as 4G/5G and consumer broadband. It recovers lost packets through retransmission, encrypts with AES and uses a configurable latency buffer, making it a practical alternative to satellite contribution for remote feeds, live events and main/backup links.
播出事故
A broadcast incident is an unintended on-air fault such as black frames, silence, frozen video, missing subtitles or audio/video sync errors. Incidents degrade the viewer experience and can lead to regulatory penalties or advertiser make-good claims; real-time monitoring alerts operators as the fault happens, shortening the time to respond.
廣告蓋台
Commercial override (also called ad replacement) is the technique a redistributing channel uses to replace the originating ads with locally sold spots during licensed carriage. Accurate override depends on precise commercial detection and frame-accurate SCTE-35 triggering.
伺服器端廣告插入
Server-side ad insertion (SSAI), also called ad stitching, is the technique of splicing ads into the stream on the server before it reaches the player. Compared with client-side ad insertion (CSAI), SSAI is harder for ad blockers to strip and plays ads on the same bitrate ladder as the program, keeping quality and playback consistent.
電子節目表
An electronic program guide (EPG) is the interactive schedule on digital TV and OTT platforms that shows current and upcoming programs. FAST channels on aggregator platforms must supply EPG metadata to each platform’s specification, most commonly in XMLTV format.
網路裝置介面
Network Device Interface (NDI) is an IP video protocol developed by NewTek that carries broadcast-quality video over standard Ethernet without dedicated cabling. It is common in live production, virtual production and signal routing, and is one of the mainstream transports in the broadcast IP transition.
多畫面監看
A multiviewer scales several feeds into tiles and composites them into one picture so a control room sees every channel at once. The traditional form is a hardware chassis fed from an SDI router and wired to physical displays; the software form decodes and composites on a server GPU and delivers the wall to a browser over WebRTC. Walls overlay channel names, tally, audio levels and alarm state, and gather faults such as black frames, freezes and silence into one queue for the operator.
MPEG-TS 傳輸流量測準則
ETSI TR 101 290 is the DVB measurement guideline for MPEG transport streams. It ranks errors in three priorities: priority 1 covers faults that stop a receiver decoding, such as sync loss, missing PAT or PMT, continuity-count errors and missing PIDs; priority 2 covers transport, CRC, PCR and PTS timing errors; priority 3 concerns service information. A monitoring system can report where a stream broke by these rules even when the picture cannot be decoded.
網頁即時通訊
WebRTC is the real-time media transport built into browsers, playing streams at low latency with no plug-in. WHEP (WebRTC-HTTP Egress Protocol) sets up a WebRTC playback session with a single HTTP request, so a server can send video straight to a browser. Broadcast monitoring uses it to deliver a composited wall to any computer at far lower latency than segmented streaming such as HLS.
監看標籤與 Tally 協定
TSL UMD is the protocol broadcast equipment uses to exchange under-monitor display labels and tally states, commonly in versions 3.1, 4.0 and 5.0 over UDP or TCP. Switchers, routers and monitoring systems use it to keep each picture’s name and its on-air (PGM) or preview (PVW) state in step.
網路媒體開放規範
NMOS (Networked Media Open Specifications) are the AMWA specifications for controlling IP broadcast equipment. IS-04 lets devices register and be discovered on the network; IS-05 lets a control system make or change connections between devices, the IP equivalent of a routing switch. Monitoring and master-control systems use IS-05 to switch a channel to its backup source.
單機播控系統
Channel in a box (CiaB) is a playout architecture that runs scheduling, transcoding, character generation (CG), ad insertion and signal output on a single server. Compared with a traditional master control chain of separate devices, it reduces equipment count and rack space, which suits operators running multiple linear channels.
可互操作主格式
The Interoperable Master Format (IMF) is a component-based mastering format, defined in SMPTE ST 2067, for delivering finished content between broadcasters and OTT platforms. Video, multichannel audio and subtitles are stored as separate essence files and assembled by a Composition Playlist (CPL), which simplifies versioning and localization; major platforms such as Netflix require IMF delivery.
HTTP 即時串流
HTTP Live Streaming (HLS) is Apple’s adaptive bitrate streaming protocol, which splits media into short segments delivered over standard HTTP. Segments typically run 2-10 seconds and come in multiple renditions for adaptive bitrate (ABR) playback; HLS is the most widely supported streaming format across OTT platforms and devices.
廣播自動化
Broadcast automation is software that runs repetitive on-air tasks such as scheduled playout, ingest, quality monitoring and ad insertion without manual operation. A complete automation stack connects playout, media asset management (MAM), quality control (QC) and traffic and ad systems, cutting repetitive manual work in master control.
AI 賽事精華剪輯
AI sports highlights are highlight videos assembled automatically by AI that detects events in match footage, such as scores, decisive at-bats and substitutions, and cuts the matching segments. Unlike an edited package produced after the game, AI highlights can keep updating during a live match and can be generated in different versions for a requested player, inning or length.
回看
Catch-up TV is a service that lets viewers rewatch full programmes on an OTT or IPTV platform for a period after broadcast, with the window usually set by rights agreements. Catch-up serves the whole programme; watching only specific moments or a condensed summary of a match falls under AI sports highlights.
情境式廣告
Contextual advertising places ads according to the content a viewer is watching at that moment, not according to personal data about the viewer. On CTV and FAST, the context usually comes from the programme scenes before an ad break, such as food, travel or sport, and is passed into the ad request in standard formats such as the IAB Content Taxonomy. Because it needs no viewer data, contextual advertising also works where cookies are gone and several people watch one screen.
IAB 內容分類
The IAB Content Taxonomy is the content classification standard maintained by IAB Tech Lab. It describes content topics, such as travel, food, automotive and sport, with one shared set of codes. DSPs, SSPs and ad servers use it to understand what an ad inventory contains, and the current major version is 3.x. In an OpenRTB 2.6 ad request, the category codes go in the content.cat field and the cattax field declares which taxonomy version they use.
品牌安全
Brand safety keeps ads away from content that could harm a brand, such as violence, adult material or hate speech. Suitability goes further and grades content by how much risk each brand will accept. The widely used Brand Safety Floor + Suitability Framework, which originated with GARM, separates a floor of content that never carries ads from high, medium and low risk tiers.
第二螢幕互動
Second-screen interaction lets viewers use a phone or tablet while watching TV to take part in activity tied to the programme, such as votes, guesses, purchases of programme-related products and donations. The TV stays the main screen and the phone carries the interaction. A channel does not need a dedicated app, because viewers can join in the phone browser.
電視同步互動
TV-synced interaction shows an interaction card on a viewer's phone at the moment the matching content airs on the TV that viewer is watching. Streaming often runs fifteen seconds to a minute behind live TV, so a phone driven by the playout clock can reveal a result before the TV does. Syncing to the TV the viewer is watching keeps match results and quiz answers from being revealed early.
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